Monday, January 27, 2020

Impact of International Regimes on Nature of States

Impact of International Regimes on Nature of States To what extent can international regimes change the nature of states’ interactions and provide a solution to intra-state wars? Abstract In this essay, I am arguing that the international regimes can cause a limited change to the nature of the states because of the state sovereignty and legitimacy. However, it is hard to distinguish the limit of the change of the traditional state by the influence of the international regimes. For example if a country wants to become a member of European Union or Schengen agreement has to meets the requirements of the organization. Usually if the country is not meeting the requirement, the organization is giving a deadline to the country to do some reforms and developments in the governance. The limit of the organization is that the state can decide to not follow their rules and simply to not become a member. According to Krasner’s definition, â€Å"regime is more than set of rules presupposed a high level of institutionalization† (Saideman, S. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle, (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security; Routledge). International regimes are globalized and interconnected. The international organizations are challenging the state sovereignty and have an impact on it in realms as security, economy, environment and culture. International organizations can be a solution for intra-state wars. Other solutions can be self-help, democratization, guarantor, the use of military forces to decrease the violence, elites, reducing all types of inequality etc. Introduction Globalization as a feature of international regimes is challenging the traditional governance and it is weakening it process. Countries are depending on each other and every little change in a particular country may lead to a worldwide transformation because of increasing globalization and high interconnectedness. The International regimes have effect on the policy decision-making and are monitoring the policy implementation. Each political theory has a different view about the effect of the international regimes. The Civil society concept and the international organizations such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profitable organizations (NPOs) are advocating human rights, explaining to people why voting is important and giving them more clear vision of the world. The international regimes regulate the world beyond state borders. The regimes can change the state sovereignty through international organization‘s rules; can have influence to the state by civil socie ty, NGOs, pressure groups etc. but cannot take decisions instead of the state governance or to run the policy-making process. If a state is a member of a certain organization (UN, NATO, EU etc.) the state has to face the participation requirements and to follow the rules of the organization. Each member has the same rights; equality in voting, rights to speak up, benefits etc. there is no separatism between the states (small, big, poor, rich countries). The state sovereignty cannot be changed, because there is no one that can take decisions but the governance. No one can forcibly make the government to reform the policy or do any other reformation (political, social, economy, environmental etc.). If the state disagrees to follow the rules of the organization it cannot become its member, but it’s a state decision to become or not a member of a certain organization. The role of United Nations Founded after the World War à Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬  , The United Nations purpose is to prevent wars and to create a safe environment for the people. The main UN aims are world peace, minimizing poverty, human rights, freedom and solving environmental issues. Shortly, the UN has an impact on political, economic and environmental realms. Members of the UN have a sovereign equality and the right to vote whether is rich, poor, small or big country. All members must support, help the UN and follow the rules. One of the rules is to avoid using force, to keep a peaceful environment and to solve the differences through dialogs or other peaceful methods. The role of one of the principles organs the UN Security Council is to keep the world peace and to solve international security issues. The Security Council has 15 members, 5 permanent and 10 other countries changing every two years. The five permanent countries, the Great Powers (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US) have veto power, whi ch means, the decision can be taken if and only if all of the members agree; if even one of the five countries disagrees the decision is going to be blocked. The Great Powers decisions can change each member sovereignty trough changing the organization constitution or reforming the rules. The UN is constructed by sovereign states, so for example actions about fund agreement depend on the UN members, so they are controlling the agenda entirely. The Global Civil Society and NGOs The Global Civil society is a norm of the good, protection and a voice for the voiceless. The main contexts are personal autonomy, self-organization, globalization and global interconnectedness thus global civil society is more transnational rather than domestic. The Civil society is proclaiming human rights, moral, human’s development etc. They are supporting those which rights and voice are limited or do not have at all, because freedom is one of the main features of the society concept. The Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the non-profitable organizations (NPOs) are usually linked up with volunteering and charity. They are independent from the government and they rely on their own funds. The NGOs can work in every level–regional, national or international. Usually, the NGOs are private and that means they are always working for profit (opposite: governmental – working for the society good) but all these NGOs, NPOs, Civil society are Private but non pr ofitable, so all of them are working for improving humans life, proclaiming human rights, moral valuables, integration, environmental and cultural issues. The Intra –state wars solution Before finding the right solutions of the intra-state wars, we have to be clear about the concept and how the intra-state war occurs. At first, we have to know the difference between the intra-state war and the inter-state war. The intra-state war is between citizens of one country, they can be different ethnic groups, to have dissimilar views about a certain issue etc. Usually, the conflict leads to violence between the state army and the non-state group or groups (terrorist organizations or rebels). The conflict is affecting only the country but it is possible to have international effect. Interstate war is a conflict between two or more states, which are using their national military forces against each other in an aggressive and violent way. The intra-state wars occur in a particular state between their citizens. There are several reasons why intra-state wars occur. A reason can be different points of view about elections or how the state has to be run by the government. The reason can be related to occupying a part of the state by a particular group or trying to make a certain area independent. Also, it can be about political or governance reformation. It is possible intra-state war to occur between ethic and religion groups based on cultural, religion and economic differences. The Civil wars are long lasting and usually end up with a lot of deaths and used resources which is a benefit for the country producing weapons. In 19th and 20th century, the intra-state wars have been decreased because of the centralized governments. The Great Powers (UK, Habsburg Austria, Prussia, France, and Russia) have been involved in the conflicts by supporting the running government with the purpose to prevent violence escalation and to stop the war. Every case of war has different actors, concepts, issues and respectively different. The common thing is that each government has to think about the security of the state citizens. That is important because that would prevent mass murders and radical violence between the groups which are involved in. One of the main government obligation is to provide a â€Å"safe and secure environment† (Saideman, S. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle; (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security; Routledge), to protect each group in the state and to decrease the violence to a minimum. According to (Saideman, S. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle; (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security; Routledge) the civil war can be resolved by the nationalist elites. The Elites can withdraw the mass attention to a less significant issue for the purpose of governmental faults or â€Å"issues that politicians want to avoid†. Also, the elites can try to divide each group based on nationalism, religion, race etc. so their support would be limited and the government would have more power to control the citizens and their actions. Other solutions can be trying to reduce the inequality or to improve the global norms about the violence usage between humans. The violence must be minimized that would make negotiations easier. Other option is a third side – a state guarantor, which is not directly linked with the war to use force to convince both sides to agreement. Democratization is a solution, as well, because it is impossible a war to occur between two or more democra tic states, thus it is impossible in one democratic state to occur a civil war. Conclusion International regimes can change the nature of states through international organization rules but limited because of the state sovereignty. International regimes can have impact on political, social, environmental, economy, cultural, technological realms. Each international organization has different level of influence to the state, different set of rules and requirements for participation. Thus when a country is joining an organization usually is doing reformations according to the particular organization set of rules and laws. They can have influence to the wars and to resolve the problem with them. In a civil war they can play the role of the third side (guarantor) and to use force to make agreement between the arguing sides. Democratization is other way to prevent wars because the democratic concept rejects the war as a method to resolve problems. Both democratic and liberal views collaborate by the idea of achieving agreement between belligerents by negotiations. Although the v ariety of wars solution wars still occurs, that means one thing – no solution is 100% effective, each case of war needs a careful consideration and precise actions. Bibliography: Anheier, H., Glasius M., and Kaldor, M.; Introducing Global Civil Society. [Online]. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/CSHS/civilSociety/yearBook/chapterPdfs/2001/chapter01.pdf Anheier, Helmut K., 1954- (2001). Global civil society [yearbook]. Oxford: Oxford University Press ; Chapter: 2004/5: Global Civil Society: A Sceptical View [Online]. Available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Electronic%20Texts/Politics/Introduction%20to%20International%20Politics%20%5BYxxxx-002303%5D/92842%20%20Global%20Civil%20Society%20A%20Sceptical%20View.pdf Baylis, (2005). The Globalization of World Politics. Third edition. New York: Oxford University Press Gemmill, Barbara and Bamidele-Izu, Abimbola ; The Role of NGOs and Civil Society in Global Environmental Governance. [Online]. Available at:  http://www.env-net.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/gemmill.pdf Hasenclever, A., Mayer P. and Rittberger, V. Theories of international regimes Andreas. Cambridge University Press [Online]. Available at: http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/political_science/users/elena.gadjanova/public/Theories%20of%20international%20regimes0001.pdf Heywood, Andrew (2011). Global politics. Palgrave Macmillan; Chapter: 3 Theories of Global Politics [Online]. Available at: Kaldor, Mary (2003). Global civil society. Polity Press; Chapter: Chapter 1 [Online]. Available at: https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Electronic%20Texts/Politics/Introduction%20to%20International%20Politics%20%5BYxxxx-002303%5D/92807%20Global%20civil%20society%20pp.1-14.pdf https://vle.york.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/Electronic%20Texts/Politics/Introduction%20to%20International%20Politics%20%5BYxxxx-002303%5D/85351%20Global%20politics%20pp.53-82.pdf Rotberg, 2002, Failed States in a World of Terror, Foreign Affairs, vol. 81, issue 4, pp. 127-140 [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.york.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5b5633bb-65ff-4bc0-9268-41e527b8212d%40sessionmgr4002vid=2hid=4101 Saideman, S. M. and Zahar, Marie-Joelle. (2008) Intra-state Conflict, Governments and Security. Routledge

Sunday, January 19, 2020

The Affects of Video Games on Children

Do video games really affect the parts of a child brain? â€Å"The most widely used positive impact video games are said to have on children is that they may improve a player’s manual dexterity and computer literacy† (Norcia, Andrea 1). This is confirming that video games can help people with poor manual dexterity skills. My opinion is that adults should not blame aggression of children on specific gadgets such as video games. Video games should be amplified more now than ever and they affect kids negative by turning their focus off school. In opinion violent video games do not affect kids unless they are ignorant. Video games are very helpful despite the aggression it amplifies. My statement on this subject is that video games affect the United States children and adolescence but the people that play these video games believe people perceive the concept of gaming wrong. Do video games only affect kids that are susceptible to the function and emotions of the video game or is it the person themselves. People have perceived also that video games can have a negative effect on a kid’s social development but in my opinion believe that children function quite well socially for a people who interact with video games. Do you really believe that video games actually affect the parts of a child’s brain development? Do you think that the G. P. A of a child that plays video games is lower than one that does not? â€Å"It’s believed even though video games have advantages they play have negative effects on children† (Deepa Kartha 16) . The developments of people that play video games are as correctly intuitive as people who fraternize in different hobbies. Parents believe that it can affect a teenagers work if there to focused on the video games and not on the schoolwork. Game fanatic teenagers actually can focus more in school because it keeps there mind set of the real words ignorance in legislature. Do you believe that games affect kids or is just the video games that they play that affect them not the video games? People believe that violent video games affect the mind more than any other video game type out in the world. Classmates believe that children are more affected by games that have vulgar images in them. People develop the thought that kids are affected on their person not the action in a virtual stimulation and if that is the case time will get worse. Do you believe that video games can change the effect that they have on none completely developed children. Do you think that people and the way that they create video games make the child develop badly or is it the parent? People say that certain types of parents will challenge their child and blame it on their favorite objects for them being bad and or negligent parental figures. Do you believe that it can be the kids fault for neglecting his studies because he is playing to many video games? Theoretical gamers believe that the people that play video games all the time are sometimes not even mildly affected by the Meer concept that people believe they might lose certain mental functions from playing a video game. It is proven that all people are supposedly affected in some mental way when it come to video games that there functioning brain cells develop slower when they focus on the virtual reality in some video games. Do you believe that video games really affect the mentality of certain people that play many particular video games? It has been proven that when playing your attitude and aggression spots in your brain have been activated more. The facts have been proven that people co develop more when playing videogames with friends and or family members. Certain families play video games and yet they can and still do their schools work. Particular people play video games and text and it doesn’t affect them at all they still function quite fluently above others. Do you believe that some kids can have video games affect them just by watching other kids and young adults play the vulgar violence blood and gore video games? People described I believe that certain videogames can help you develop mentally and to keep kids entertained and functioning for the next day. Adolescences little brothers and or sister play video games with me and he has better grades than I do so I think that video games do not affect anything. People believe that a video game can mentally keep some people willing to strive but some people can take the video games so seriously there willing to kill themselves if they lose at the virtual life. Do you believe that some children can have video games affect them by interacting reading and or listening to the dialogue of the cut scenes in the video games? In a place of opinion people believe that video games do not affect hildren or and yet still the media have yet to verify the children that have a 4. 0 G. P. A and are very successful at life and in adulthood. People believe that they can also develop from the violent necessities of the video game world and people believe it keeps you in virtual contact. It has been stated by many that if u do not let the game get to serious than you will not be affected by the perceived stat istics of the video game world. Do your really believe that video games can affect the way that you excel in school or develop in mental methods. People believe that It depends where your opinion come from when you develop your choice on having video games or not. â€Å"It is perceived that the average teen video game player plays video more than 5 hours a day† (Norcia, Andrea 18). people are believed to have developed also the concept that besides causing kid s to slip up in school it can also affect their eyes because kids get closer to the television to interact more. Certain people that play video games believe that it actually does affect your eyes after long periods of time. Other people believe that video games are one of the most accurate ways to calm down and settle their mind. It has been described that the simplistic of the video game world have been misunderstood articles. People think that kids actually just like to play video games and nothing affects them at all maybe there eyes but that is it. If children did not have video games I believe that it would make them angered and disappointed that something the adults made for them we be taken from them. It is believed the development of children depends on the way that they raise their child because at delegated times parents will blame their attitude on video games. Do you believe that video games actually affect the mind of a young child? Does video games have anything to do with a kids brain or is it just the child themselves it’s believed to be a type of mental ability that affects the mind of a video game playing child. Will it always be perceived that the children that play video games can actually lose brain cells from different undeveloped digital video games? It is believed by many that video games can be a naughty type of habit or hobby yet people still play video games to fill their virtual hunger for the unreal lust of life. People will always have their own single thought opinions about children and their mental development when playing video games because specific video game playing children react differently to it. Do video games really affect the development of parts in a Childs brain or is it the child? Do video games affect the minds of children or do the children develop their own sense of ignorance. People have played video games for year and have never has any type of damage done to them mentally People believe that they can describe video games as a virtual world of excitement that can make you change your objectives of life into a different type of perspective. Phew gamers agree with the industry on saying that video games can actually affect your stand point when it comes to living life. Do you believe that everything revolves around video when thinking about a kids brain cells or is it just the violence and directive of the video game. Do you believe that video games affect the simple parts of a Childs brain or can it really mentally disable them? Have you ever developed the point in this paper that children need video games so that they can develop more intelligently and learn more things that have life to offer them? People have really developed a life line around the gaming system that all people who play are the same as all the others but we all play different games and we all play for different types of reasons. Do you still believe that video game really affect part of the Childs brain or is that just the way people perceive it to be? Do you really believe that kids can be mentally affected by the virtual game world? (Deepa, Kartha 1) States â€Å"Video games were first introduced in the 1970s and have now become an invariable source of fun and entertainment for children†. (Norcia, Andrea 2) States â€Å"They are a unique form of entertainment, because they encourage players to become a part of the game's script†. Can video games help manual dexterity and can develop different notations on your computer knowledge. So are video games for better or for worse all will they stay or will they leave?

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Information Flow

There are many elements that aid an organization in being successful, however one of the key elements is Information flow. In my Journal Entry I will be describing the levels of communication, both good and bad, that are found within Johnson Matthey, my current employer. I will discuss the three main managerial approaches within my company that I have observed, and the three potential communication barriers as well. The intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational and intercultural levels of communications are all on display amongst the coworkers of Johnson Matthey.There are multiple levels within the headquarters, located in Wayne, PA. They are all providing the same product for the Oil and Gas Industry. Each level contains up to 45 employees depending on the department. Interpersonal communication is continuously conducted within each group so that nothing ever falls between the cracks. Individuals are always communicating with themselves due to the constant changes in mater ials needed, which requires them to be able to adapt to change quickly. The workforce here is largely diverse, mostly all men with degrees in The Sciences, but various backgrounds and educational levels.We all work in groups, each department is tied to the next, therefore requiring tight nit and close communication. Every department is essentially like its own â€Å"clique†, everyone talks about the next department, and it’s kind of like lunch time in the cafeteria during high school. Depending on your department you can be looked at as a friend or an enemy, sadly in my line of work, it’s very hard to find people who support you and back you up unless they are in your department. The woman here are very jealous of each other, they don’t like to be outshined, especially by newbies or those of us who are younger.This kind of behavior can put a major dent on communication skills. Mostly to spite someone, but that’s still not a responsible way to handl e any situation. Information travels generally in one direction from our customer (various Oil and Gas clients) to us. There are occasions when we have a little say so in the actual product but for the most part it is a one-sided show. We have our Regional Manager Andrew, our Offshore Manager Jim and our Operations Manager Roy. The way it starts is, the job comes into Andy, he determines if it is an Onshore or Offshore project.If it is determined to be offshore, it goes to Jim, he works out the schematics of personnel with Chris and myself. Any budget questions, equipment needs etc. have to be cleared by me and then run over by Roy for final approval. The channel used is generally email from the client to one of the site managers. The feedback comes once the work is complete and as long as we get a top notch report, then we get a good â€Å"pat on the back† from upper management, and we move on to the next project. The functions of Y Hierarchy of managerial communications do exist within this organization.Our manager is continuously creating and encouraging a wonderful work environment and providing opportunities for employees to take the initiative and self-direction. Management is always looking for new ways for employees to make significant contributions within the organization. Behavioral, empowerment, and contingency are the three managerial communication approaches that I have observed within the organization that I currently work for. Empowerment is the distribution or entrustment of power or authority to his or hers subordinates within an organization.Generally used when upper management is out of work for certain amount of time. Empowerment also encourages the employees to get more involved with the organization. The contingency approach is seen a lot in our office. Our Operations Manager knows that there is more than one way to get an â€Å"A+† on our work, and whichever way produces the best result with the least amount of money and ti me spent, is generally the path that is taken. This is probably the approach seen mostly around the Johnson Matthey organization because of the results that are produced.Behavioral approach comes with trust and one’s individual character. Managers have been seen trusting and respecting the employees more now than ever due the production that each department has put out for our clients. Personality, emotional, and physical are the three potential barriers to effective communication within not just Johnson Matthey, but most organizations. Everyone here has their own personality and that can sometimes create an issue throughout the business day. Individuals are loaded with many traits that create personal attitudes, approaches, angles,quirks and different views on the world, and how to handle various situations. There are many occasions in which this trait has stalled communication between two individuals and in some case hurt the overall job being done. Emotional barriers can b y far be the worst thing out there, in terms of communication in a company. There are many individuals in my organization that let things go straight to their heads and forget that we are at the workplace. Emotions should not be brought to work with you at all, you should be able to brush things off and move on with the job.Especially personal conflicts and personal issues. Your office and your coworkers are not the place to be dealing with those kinds of things. Managers are often seen using a softer touch to get through to the individuals with emotional issues. Physical barriers are one of the most common around my office though. There are many occasions that we are working with a wall between co-workers and with communication being the key to our success problem will generally arise on occasions. We have made complaints on many occasions with the same results â€Å"deal with it†.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Essay on Do School Sports Help Prevent Drug Usage

Years and years put to hard work and expansive research still struggle to find the answer to one of the most controversial and complicated struggles that our world has faced since the dawn of our species. Since religions were first invented, drugs were used for rituals, celebrations and as everyday habits. Nowadays, drugs are overtaking the world and its population. Just in the U.S, over 47 million people have experienced some type of illegal drugs and in 2011, around 7 million citizens were registered as drug addicts. Now, is this problem tackable? Are there proven ways to prevent drug usage? Recent surveys and experiments-over-time on students have shown simple yet powerful ways to address this problem. One of the top-used one was†¦show more content†¦In fact, David has done over 15 charities and opened 24 causes for UNICEF, Malaria No More, Help for Heroes, Unite Against AIDS and many more. He also created his own company for the needy: â€Å"Victoria and David Beckham Charitable Trust†. In the contemporary United States, â€Å"redskin† is often referred to as a racial slang; it’s considered to be extremely offensive: â€Å"an r-word for Native Americans equivalent to the n-word for African-Americans† (American Heritage). I believe and am sure that the football team â€Å"Redskin† has absolutely no intention to offend anyone and has no stereotypical connection to Native Americans simply because no text or description/discussion about the team points fingers at no one, making the name and logo politically - not socially - acceptable. The history behind this name goes back to 1967 when 65% of the team involved Indian players and that has nothing to do with any racial-related meanings. It’s the manager’s right to name the team after what they want since no law goes against that freedom. As controversial as it sounds, it’s acceptable and shouldn’t be considered a slur as it doesn’t insult anyone and has no specific meaning. It’s history is just like any team’s history. An example for an actually incorrect and politically inept name are the â€Å"London Rippers†, named after the famous serial killer â€Å"Jack the Ripper†. To choose between Kobe Bryant and LeBron James, IShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Drug Education Program Plan1021 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many people who believe that by exposing children to any type of knowledge about drugs it is giving them permission to use them. They do not understand that by exposing the youth to the dangers of drug use it will help in prevent the use of drugs because they know the consequences and side effects. This Drug Education Program Plan will be implemented on middle aged children. During middle school years it can be hard for many kids trying to figure out where they fit in. 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